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Foreclosure Options for the Homeowner
Below are the most
common options that homeowners may have if in default or anticipate being in
default.
1. Reinstatement of Loan (Cure)
2.
Loan Modification
3.
VA Loan Modification / Refunding
4.
Short Payoff, or
SHORT SALE
5.
Deed-in-Lieu of Foreclosure
6.
Repayment Plan
7.
Special Forebearance
8.
Partial Claim
9.
Cash Sale
10.
Refinance
11. Do Nothing
1. Reinstatement of Loan (Cure):
This option is paying the lender everything that is owed in one lump sum to
include missed payments, any late fees associated with these payments,
foreclosure fees, legal fees and the principal owed during the delinquency.
A cure may involve the seller curing or deeding it to an investor "subject
to" the existing loans, who will cure.
2.
Loan Modification
If you
have incurred a long term financial hardship, you may be able to modify the
term(s) of your mortgage. This could lower the interest rate and/or extend
the term of the loan resulting in lower payments. There are costs and fees
associated with a modification that you will be responsible for. All
property taxes must be current or you must be participating in an approved
payment plan with your taxing authority to be eligible for a modification.
Any additional liens or mortgagees must agree to be subordinate to the first
mortgage. All requests are subject to your lender's approval.
3.
VA Loan Modification / Refunding
(Available for VA loans only) (Need at least 30 days to process)
A
refunding is when the VA buys your loan from the lender. Refunding may give
VA the flexibility to consider options to help you save your home that your
current lender either could not or would not consider. When the VA refunds a
loan under 38 U.S.C. 36.4318, the delinquency is added to the principal
balance and the loan is re-amortized. Your new loan will be non-transferable
without prior approval from the Secretary. If your interest rate was lowered
and an assumption is approved, the interest rate will be adjusted back to
the previous rate.
4.
Short Payoff, or Short Sale
(Pre-foreclosure Sale) (Compromise Of Sale)
If you
have suffered a long term financial hardship and are unable to maintain your
loan or if you need to sell the property to avoid a default loss on the
property, it is possible that the lender may be able to accommodate you with
a short payoff. A qualified buyer is required. There may be tax
ramifications associated with any short payoff or foreclosure; therefore, we
recommend you contact your tax advisor for details. Some states permit
lenders to seek a deficiency judgment for the amount the payoff was
discounted. See your state's foreclosure law for more information. Check
with an attorney for advice on your personal situation.
5.
Deed-in-Lieu of Foreclosure
If you
have incurred a long term financial hardship and your house has been on the
market (at fair market value) for at least 90 days, you may be eligible for
a deed-in lieu of foreclosure. To be considered for this option, you must
complete a financial package and provide a copy of your recent active
listing agreement. Also, there cannot be any additional claims or liens
(other the mortgage) against the property. If you are approved for a
deed-in-lieu, you will be giving up all rights to the property and the
property will be conveyed to your lender. In exchange for the deed-in-lieu,
the lender may waiver all deficiency judgment rights. You may be asked to
participate in a Short Payoff program before a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure
is accepted.
6.
Repayment Plan
If you
have incurred a short term financial hardship and your loan is two or more
months past due, you may be considered for a repayment plan. Only after
reviewing your financial situation will this option be considered. All
borrowers must be able to show that they can afford this plan in order to be
eligible.
7.
Special Forebearance
(FHA loans only) (Type I & II)
If you
have incurred a short term financial hardship and your loan is 90 days to
365 days past due, you may also be eligible for a special forbearance. A
special forbearance is designed to provide you with more relief than is
possible with a regular repayment plan. Typical approval can result in
spreading the repayment over a period of several months.
8.
Partial Claim
(FHA mortgages only) (Some Freddie Mac Investor loans)
You may
be eligible for a partial claim if your loan is 120 to 365 days past due. A
partial claim results in placing your past due payments into a subordinate
mortgage (2nd mortgage) between you and the Secretary of Housing Urban
Development. The partial claim note will require you to start making
payments when you pay off the first mortgage. There is no interest. The
partial claim can be for no more than 12 months of past due payments.
9. Cash Sale:
The borrower sells
the property, pays off his loan, and, depending on the equity, may net some
cash out of the deal. The challenge, of course, is being able to sell it
quickly enough, which most often requires a substantial drop in the price.
10. Refinance:
The borrower may be
able to refinance and get a new loan, but generally this is difficult
because the borrower has little equity and poor credit. The new loan likely
will have higher payments than the old loan.
11. Do Nothing:
The worst choice for the seller, whose credit will be ruined, but he can
stay in the house for several months for nothing, save up some cash, and
move when the lender or the high bidder from the auction eventually evicts
the homeowner.
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